mirror of
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Centralize date/time formatting utilities (#11831)
This commit is contained in:
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+297
-291
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
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This threat model is built on [MITRE ATLAS](https://atlas.mitre.org/), the industry-standard framework for documenting adversarial threats to AI/ML systems. ATLAS is maintained by [MITRE](https://www.mitre.org/) in collaboration with the AI security community.
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**Key ATLAS Resources:**
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- [ATLAS Techniques](https://atlas.mitre.org/techniques/)
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- [ATLAS Tactics](https://atlas.mitre.org/tactics/)
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- [ATLAS Case Studies](https://atlas.mitre.org/studies/)
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@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ This threat model is built on [MITRE ATLAS](https://atlas.mitre.org/), the indus
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### Contributing to This Threat Model
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This is a living document maintained by the OpenClaw community. See [CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md](./CONTRIBUTING-THREAT-MODEL.md) for guidelines on contributing:
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- Reporting new threats
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- Updating existing threats
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- Proposing attack chains
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@@ -36,14 +38,14 @@ This threat model documents adversarial threats to the OpenClaw AI agent platfor
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### 1.2 Scope
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| Component | Included | Notes |
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|-----------|----------|-------|
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| OpenClaw Agent Runtime | Yes | Core agent execution, tool calls, sessions |
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| Gateway | Yes | Authentication, routing, channel integration |
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| Channel Integrations | Yes | WhatsApp, Telegram, Discord, Signal, Slack, etc. |
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| ClawHub Marketplace | Yes | Skill publishing, moderation, distribution |
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| MCP Servers | Yes | External tool providers |
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| User Devices | Partial | Mobile apps, desktop clients |
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| Component | Included | Notes |
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| ---------------------- | -------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
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| OpenClaw Agent Runtime | Yes | Core agent execution, tool calls, sessions |
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| Gateway | Yes | Authentication, routing, channel integration |
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| Channel Integrations | Yes | WhatsApp, Telegram, Discord, Signal, Slack, etc. |
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| ClawHub Marketplace | Yes | Skill publishing, moderation, distribution |
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| MCP Servers | Yes | External tool providers |
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| User Devices | Partial | Mobile apps, desktop clients |
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### 1.3 Out of Scope
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@@ -122,14 +124,14 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
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### 2.2 Data Flows
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| Flow | Source | Destination | Data | Protection |
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|------|--------|-------------|------|------------|
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| F1 | Channel | Gateway | User messages | TLS, AllowFrom |
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| F2 | Gateway | Agent | Routed messages | Session isolation |
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| F3 | Agent | Tools | Tool invocations | Policy enforcement |
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| F4 | Agent | External | web_fetch requests | SSRF blocking |
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| F5 | ClawHub | Agent | Skill code | Moderation, scanning |
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| F6 | Agent | Channel | Responses | Output filtering |
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| Flow | Source | Destination | Data | Protection |
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| ---- | ------- | ----------- | ------------------ | -------------------- |
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| F1 | Channel | Gateway | User messages | TLS, AllowFrom |
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| F2 | Gateway | Agent | Routed messages | Session isolation |
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| F3 | Agent | Tools | Tool invocations | Policy enforcement |
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| F4 | Agent | External | web_fetch requests | SSRF blocking |
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| F5 | ClawHub | Agent | Skill code | Moderation, scanning |
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| F6 | Agent | Channel | Responses | Output filtering |
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---
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@@ -139,27 +141,27 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
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#### T-RECON-001: Agent Endpoint Discovery
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0006 - Active Scanning |
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| **Description** | Attacker scans for exposed OpenClaw gateway endpoints |
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| **Attack Vector** | Network scanning, shodan queries, DNS enumeration |
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| **Affected Components** | Gateway, exposed API endpoints |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Tailscale auth option, bind to loopback by default |
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| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Public gateways discoverable |
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| **Recommendations** | Document secure deployment, add rate limiting on discovery endpoints |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0006 - Active Scanning |
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| **Description** | Attacker scans for exposed OpenClaw gateway endpoints |
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| **Attack Vector** | Network scanning, shodan queries, DNS enumeration |
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| **Affected Components** | Gateway, exposed API endpoints |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Tailscale auth option, bind to loopback by default |
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| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Public gateways discoverable |
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| **Recommendations** | Document secure deployment, add rate limiting on discovery endpoints |
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#### T-RECON-002: Channel Integration Probing
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0006 - Active Scanning |
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| **Description** | Attacker probes messaging channels to identify AI-managed accounts |
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| **Attack Vector** | Sending test messages, observing response patterns |
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| **Affected Components** | All channel integrations |
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| **Current Mitigations** | None specific |
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| **Residual Risk** | Low - Limited value from discovery alone |
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| **Recommendations** | Consider response timing randomization |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0006 - Active Scanning |
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| **Description** | Attacker probes messaging channels to identify AI-managed accounts |
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| **Attack Vector** | Sending test messages, observing response patterns |
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| **Affected Components** | All channel integrations |
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| **Current Mitigations** | None specific |
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| **Residual Risk** | Low - Limited value from discovery alone |
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| **Recommendations** | Consider response timing randomization |
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---
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@@ -167,39 +169,39 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
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#### T-ACCESS-001: Pairing Code Interception
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
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| **Description** | Attacker intercepts pairing code during 30s grace period |
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| **Attack Vector** | Shoulder surfing, network sniffing, social engineering |
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| **Affected Components** | Device pairing system |
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| **Current Mitigations** | 30s expiry, codes sent via existing channel |
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| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Grace period exploitable |
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| **Recommendations** | Reduce grace period, add confirmation step |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
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| **Description** | Attacker intercepts pairing code during 30s grace period |
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| **Attack Vector** | Shoulder surfing, network sniffing, social engineering |
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| **Affected Components** | Device pairing system |
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| **Current Mitigations** | 30s expiry, codes sent via existing channel |
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| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Grace period exploitable |
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| **Recommendations** | Reduce grace period, add confirmation step |
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#### T-ACCESS-002: AllowFrom Spoofing
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
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| **Description** | Attacker spoofs allowed sender identity in channel |
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| **Attack Vector** | Depends on channel - phone number spoofing, username impersonation |
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| **Affected Components** | AllowFrom validation per channel |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Channel-specific identity verification |
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| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Some channels vulnerable to spoofing |
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| **Recommendations** | Document channel-specific risks, add cryptographic verification where possible |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
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| **Description** | Attacker spoofs allowed sender identity in channel |
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| **Attack Vector** | Depends on channel - phone number spoofing, username impersonation |
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| **Affected Components** | AllowFrom validation per channel |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Channel-specific identity verification |
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| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Some channels vulnerable to spoofing |
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| **Recommendations** | Document channel-specific risks, add cryptographic verification where possible |
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#### T-ACCESS-003: Token Theft
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
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| **Description** | Attacker steals authentication tokens from config files |
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| **Attack Vector** | Malware, unauthorized device access, config backup exposure |
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| **Affected Components** | ~/.openclaw/credentials/, config storage |
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| **Current Mitigations** | File permissions |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - Tokens stored in plaintext |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement token encryption at rest, add token rotation |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
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| **Description** | Attacker steals authentication tokens from config files |
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| **Attack Vector** | Malware, unauthorized device access, config backup exposure |
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| **Affected Components** | ~/.openclaw/credentials/, config storage |
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| **Current Mitigations** | File permissions |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - Tokens stored in plaintext |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement token encryption at rest, add token rotation |
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---
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@@ -207,51 +209,51 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
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#### T-EXEC-001: Direct Prompt Injection
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.000 - LLM Prompt Injection: Direct |
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| **Description** | Attacker sends crafted prompts to manipulate agent behavior |
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| **Attack Vector** | Channel messages containing adversarial instructions |
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| **Affected Components** | Agent LLM, all input surfaces |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Pattern detection, external content wrapping |
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| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Detection only, no blocking; sophisticated attacks bypass |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement multi-layer defense, output validation, user confirmation for sensitive actions |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.000 - LLM Prompt Injection: Direct |
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| **Description** | Attacker sends crafted prompts to manipulate agent behavior |
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| **Attack Vector** | Channel messages containing adversarial instructions |
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| **Affected Components** | Agent LLM, all input surfaces |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Pattern detection, external content wrapping |
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| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Detection only, no blocking; sophisticated attacks bypass |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement multi-layer defense, output validation, user confirmation for sensitive actions |
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#### T-EXEC-002: Indirect Prompt Injection
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.001 - LLM Prompt Injection: Indirect |
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| **Description** | Attacker embeds malicious instructions in fetched content |
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| **Attack Vector** | Malicious URLs, poisoned emails, compromised webhooks |
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| **Affected Components** | web_fetch, email ingestion, external data sources |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Content wrapping with XML tags and security notice |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - LLM may ignore wrapper instructions |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement content sanitization, separate execution contexts |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.001 - LLM Prompt Injection: Indirect |
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| **Description** | Attacker embeds malicious instructions in fetched content |
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| **Attack Vector** | Malicious URLs, poisoned emails, compromised webhooks |
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| **Affected Components** | web_fetch, email ingestion, external data sources |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Content wrapping with XML tags and security notice |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - LLM may ignore wrapper instructions |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement content sanitization, separate execution contexts |
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#### T-EXEC-003: Tool Argument Injection
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.000 - LLM Prompt Injection: Direct |
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| **Description** | Attacker manipulates tool arguments through prompt injection |
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| **Attack Vector** | Crafted prompts that influence tool parameter values |
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| **Affected Components** | All tool invocations |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Exec approvals for dangerous commands |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - Relies on user judgment |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement argument validation, parameterized tool calls |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0051.000 - LLM Prompt Injection: Direct |
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| **Description** | Attacker manipulates tool arguments through prompt injection |
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| **Attack Vector** | Crafted prompts that influence tool parameter values |
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| **Affected Components** | All tool invocations |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Exec approvals for dangerous commands |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - Relies on user judgment |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement argument validation, parameterized tool calls |
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#### T-EXEC-004: Exec Approval Bypass
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
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| **Description** | Attacker crafts commands that bypass approval allowlist |
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| **Attack Vector** | Command obfuscation, alias exploitation, path manipulation |
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| **Affected Components** | exec-approvals.ts, command allowlist |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Allowlist + ask mode |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - No command sanitization |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement command normalization, expand blocklist |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
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| **Description** | Attacker crafts commands that bypass approval allowlist |
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| **Attack Vector** | Command obfuscation, alias exploitation, path manipulation |
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| **Affected Components** | exec-approvals.ts, command allowlist |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Allowlist + ask mode |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - No command sanitization |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement command normalization, expand blocklist |
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---
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@@ -259,39 +261,39 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
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#### T-PERSIST-001: Malicious Skill Installation
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.001 - Supply Chain Compromise: AI Software |
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| **Description** | Attacker publishes malicious skill to ClawHub |
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| **Attack Vector** | Create account, publish skill with hidden malicious code |
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| **Affected Components** | ClawHub, skill loading, agent execution |
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| **Current Mitigations** | GitHub account age verification, pattern-based moderation flags |
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| **Residual Risk** | Critical - No sandboxing, limited review |
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| **Recommendations** | VirusTotal integration (in progress), skill sandboxing, community review |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.001 - Supply Chain Compromise: AI Software |
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| **Description** | Attacker publishes malicious skill to ClawHub |
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| **Attack Vector** | Create account, publish skill with hidden malicious code |
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| **Affected Components** | ClawHub, skill loading, agent execution |
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| **Current Mitigations** | GitHub account age verification, pattern-based moderation flags |
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| **Residual Risk** | Critical - No sandboxing, limited review |
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| **Recommendations** | VirusTotal integration (in progress), skill sandboxing, community review |
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#### T-PERSIST-002: Skill Update Poisoning
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.001 - Supply Chain Compromise: AI Software |
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| **Description** | Attacker compromises popular skill and pushes malicious update |
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| **Attack Vector** | Account compromise, social engineering of skill owner |
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| **Affected Components** | ClawHub versioning, auto-update flows |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Version fingerprinting |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - Auto-updates may pull malicious versions |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement update signing, rollback capability, version pinning |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.001 - Supply Chain Compromise: AI Software |
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| **Description** | Attacker compromises popular skill and pushes malicious update |
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| **Attack Vector** | Account compromise, social engineering of skill owner |
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| **Affected Components** | ClawHub versioning, auto-update flows |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Version fingerprinting |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - Auto-updates may pull malicious versions |
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| **Recommendations** | Implement update signing, rollback capability, version pinning |
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#### T-PERSIST-003: Agent Configuration Tampering
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.002 - Supply Chain Compromise: Data |
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| **Description** | Attacker modifies agent configuration to persist access |
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| **Attack Vector** | Config file modification, settings injection |
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| **Affected Components** | Agent config, tool policies |
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| **Current Mitigations** | File permissions |
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| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Requires local access |
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| **Recommendations** | Config integrity verification, audit logging for config changes |
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| Attribute | Value |
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| ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0010.002 - Supply Chain Compromise: Data |
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| **Description** | Attacker modifies agent configuration to persist access |
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| **Attack Vector** | Config file modification, settings injection |
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| **Affected Components** | Agent config, tool policies |
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||||
| **Current Mitigations** | File permissions |
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| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Requires local access |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Config integrity verification, audit logging for config changes |
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---
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@@ -299,27 +301,27 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
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#### T-EVADE-001: Moderation Pattern Bypass
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| Attribute | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
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| **Description** | Attacker crafts skill content to evade moderation patterns |
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| **Attack Vector** | Unicode homoglyphs, encoding tricks, dynamic loading |
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| **Affected Components** | ClawHub moderation.ts |
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| **Current Mitigations** | Pattern-based FLAG_RULES |
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| **Residual Risk** | High - Simple regex easily bypassed |
|
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| **Recommendations** | Add behavioral analysis (VirusTotal Code Insight), AST-based detection |
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| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
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||||
| **Description** | Attacker crafts skill content to evade moderation patterns |
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| **Attack Vector** | Unicode homoglyphs, encoding tricks, dynamic loading |
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| **Affected Components** | ClawHub moderation.ts |
|
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| **Current Mitigations** | Pattern-based FLAG_RULES |
|
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| **Residual Risk** | High - Simple regex easily bypassed |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Add behavioral analysis (VirusTotal Code Insight), AST-based detection |
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||||
#### T-EVADE-002: Content Wrapper Escape
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker crafts content that escapes XML wrapper context |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Tag manipulation, context confusion, instruction override |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | External content wrapping |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | XML tags + security notice |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Novel escapes discovered regularly |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Multiple wrapper layers, output-side validation |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0043 - Craft Adversarial Data |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker crafts content that escapes XML wrapper context |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Tag manipulation, context confusion, instruction override |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | External content wrapping |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | XML tags + security notice |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Novel escapes discovered regularly |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Multiple wrapper layers, output-side validation |
|
||||
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||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -327,27 +329,27 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
|
||||
|
||||
#### T-DISC-001: Tool Enumeration
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker enumerates available tools through prompting |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | "What tools do you have?" style queries |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Agent tool registry |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | None specific |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Low - Tools generally documented |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Consider tool visibility controls |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker enumerates available tools through prompting |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | "What tools do you have?" style queries |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Agent tool registry |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | None specific |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Low - Tools generally documented |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Consider tool visibility controls |
|
||||
|
||||
#### T-DISC-002: Session Data Extraction
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker extracts sensitive data from session context |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | "What did we discuss?" queries, context probing |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Session transcripts, context window |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | Session isolation per sender |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Within-session data accessible |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Implement sensitive data redaction in context |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0040 - AI Model Inference API Access |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker extracts sensitive data from session context |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | "What did we discuss?" queries, context probing |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Session transcripts, context window |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | Session isolation per sender |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Within-session data accessible |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Implement sensitive data redaction in context |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -355,39 +357,39 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
|
||||
|
||||
#### T-EXFIL-001: Data Theft via web_fetch
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker exfiltrates data by instructing agent to send to external URL |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing agent to POST data to attacker server |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | web_fetch tool |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | SSRF blocking for internal networks |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | High - External URLs permitted |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Implement URL allowlisting, data classification awareness |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker exfiltrates data by instructing agent to send to external URL |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing agent to POST data to attacker server |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | web_fetch tool |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | SSRF blocking for internal networks |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | High - External URLs permitted |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Implement URL allowlisting, data classification awareness |
|
||||
|
||||
#### T-EXFIL-002: Unauthorized Message Sending
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker causes agent to send messages containing sensitive data |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing agent to message attacker |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Message tool, channel integrations |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | Outbound messaging gating |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Gating may be bypassed |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Require explicit confirmation for new recipients |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker causes agent to send messages containing sensitive data |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing agent to message attacker |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Message tool, channel integrations |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | Outbound messaging gating |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Gating may be bypassed |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Require explicit confirmation for new recipients |
|
||||
|
||||
#### T-EXFIL-003: Credential Harvesting
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
|
||||
| **Description** | Malicious skill harvests credentials from agent context |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Skill code reads environment variables, config files |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Skill execution environment |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | None specific to skills |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Skills run with agent privileges |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Skill sandboxing, credential isolation |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0009 - Collection |
|
||||
| **Description** | Malicious skill harvests credentials from agent context |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Skill code reads environment variables, config files |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Skill execution environment |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | None specific to skills |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Skills run with agent privileges |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Skill sandboxing, credential isolation |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -395,39 +397,39 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
|
||||
|
||||
#### T-IMPACT-001: Unauthorized Command Execution
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker executes arbitrary commands on user system |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection combined with exec approval bypass |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Bash tool, command execution |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | Exec approvals, Docker sandbox option |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Host execution without sandbox |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Default to sandbox, improve approval UX |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker executes arbitrary commands on user system |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection combined with exec approval bypass |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Bash tool, command execution |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | Exec approvals, Docker sandbox option |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Critical - Host execution without sandbox |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Default to sandbox, improve approval UX |
|
||||
|
||||
#### T-IMPACT-002: Resource Exhaustion (DoS)
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker exhausts API credits or compute resources |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Automated message flooding, expensive tool calls |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Gateway, agent sessions, API provider |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | None |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | High - No rate limiting |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Implement per-sender rate limits, cost budgets |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker exhausts API credits or compute resources |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Automated message flooding, expensive tool calls |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Gateway, agent sessions, API provider |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | None |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | High - No rate limiting |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Implement per-sender rate limits, cost budgets |
|
||||
|
||||
#### T-IMPACT-003: Reputation Damage
|
||||
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
|-----------|-------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker causes agent to send harmful/offensive content |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing inappropriate responses |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Output generation, channel messaging |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | LLM provider content policies |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Provider filters imperfect |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Output filtering layer, user controls |
|
||||
| Attribute | Value |
|
||||
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS ID** | AML.T0031 - Erode AI Model Integrity |
|
||||
| **Description** | Attacker causes agent to send harmful/offensive content |
|
||||
| **Attack Vector** | Prompt injection causing inappropriate responses |
|
||||
| **Affected Components** | Output generation, channel messaging |
|
||||
| **Current Mitigations** | LLM provider content policies |
|
||||
| **Residual Risk** | Medium - Provider filters imperfect |
|
||||
| **Recommendations** | Output filtering layer, user controls |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -435,15 +437,15 @@ Nothing is explicitly out of scope for this threat model.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1 Current Security Controls
|
||||
|
||||
| Control | Implementation | Effectiveness |
|
||||
|---------|----------------|---------------|
|
||||
| GitHub Account Age | `requireGitHubAccountAge()` | Medium - Raises bar for new attackers |
|
||||
| Path Sanitization | `sanitizePath()` | High - Prevents path traversal |
|
||||
| File Type Validation | `isTextFile()` | Medium - Only text files, but can still be malicious |
|
||||
| Size Limits | 50MB total bundle | High - Prevents resource exhaustion |
|
||||
| Required SKILL.md | Mandatory readme | Low security value - Informational only |
|
||||
| Pattern Moderation | FLAG_RULES in moderation.ts | Low - Easily bypassed |
|
||||
| Moderation Status | `moderationStatus` field | Medium - Manual review possible |
|
||||
| Control | Implementation | Effectiveness |
|
||||
| -------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| GitHub Account Age | `requireGitHubAccountAge()` | Medium - Raises bar for new attackers |
|
||||
| Path Sanitization | `sanitizePath()` | High - Prevents path traversal |
|
||||
| File Type Validation | `isTextFile()` | Medium - Only text files, but can still be malicious |
|
||||
| Size Limits | 50MB total bundle | High - Prevents resource exhaustion |
|
||||
| Required SKILL.md | Mandatory readme | Low security value - Informational only |
|
||||
| Pattern Moderation | FLAG_RULES in moderation.ts | Low - Easily bypassed |
|
||||
| Moderation Status | `moderationStatus` field | Medium - Manual review possible |
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2 Moderation Flag Patterns
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -463,6 +465,7 @@ Current patterns in `moderation.ts`:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Limitations:**
|
||||
|
||||
- Only checks slug, displayName, summary, frontmatter, metadata, file paths
|
||||
- Does not analyze actual skill code content
|
||||
- Simple regex easily bypassed with obfuscation
|
||||
@@ -470,12 +473,12 @@ Current patterns in `moderation.ts`:
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.3 Planned Improvements
|
||||
|
||||
| Improvement | Status | Impact |
|
||||
|-------------|--------|--------|
|
||||
| VirusTotal Integration | In Progress | High - Code Insight behavioral analysis |
|
||||
| Community Reporting | Partial (`skillReports` table exists) | Medium |
|
||||
| Audit Logging | Partial (`auditLogs` table exists) | Medium |
|
||||
| Badge System | Implemented | Medium - `highlighted`, `official`, `deprecated`, `redactionApproved` |
|
||||
| Improvement | Status | Impact |
|
||||
| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| VirusTotal Integration | In Progress | High - Code Insight behavioral analysis |
|
||||
| Community Reporting | Partial (`skillReports` table exists) | Medium |
|
||||
| Audit Logging | Partial (`auditLogs` table exists) | Medium |
|
||||
| Badge System | Implemented | Medium - `highlighted`, `official`, `deprecated`, `redactionApproved` |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -483,37 +486,40 @@ Current patterns in `moderation.ts`:
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.1 Likelihood vs Impact
|
||||
|
||||
| Threat ID | Likelihood | Impact | Risk Level | Priority |
|
||||
|-----------|------------|--------|------------|----------|
|
||||
| T-EXEC-001 | High | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
|
||||
| T-PERSIST-001 | High | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
|
||||
| T-EXFIL-003 | Medium | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
|
||||
| T-IMPACT-001 | Medium | Critical | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-EXEC-002 | High | High | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-EXEC-004 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-ACCESS-003 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-EXFIL-001 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-IMPACT-002 | High | Medium | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-EVADE-001 | High | Medium | **Medium** | P2 |
|
||||
| T-ACCESS-001 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
|
||||
| T-ACCESS-002 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
|
||||
| T-PERSIST-002 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
|
||||
| Threat ID | Likelihood | Impact | Risk Level | Priority |
|
||||
| ------------- | ---------- | -------- | ------------ | -------- |
|
||||
| T-EXEC-001 | High | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
|
||||
| T-PERSIST-001 | High | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
|
||||
| T-EXFIL-003 | Medium | Critical | **Critical** | P0 |
|
||||
| T-IMPACT-001 | Medium | Critical | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-EXEC-002 | High | High | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-EXEC-004 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-ACCESS-003 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-EXFIL-001 | Medium | High | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-IMPACT-002 | High | Medium | **High** | P1 |
|
||||
| T-EVADE-001 | High | Medium | **Medium** | P2 |
|
||||
| T-ACCESS-001 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
|
||||
| T-ACCESS-002 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
|
||||
| T-PERSIST-002 | Low | High | **Medium** | P2 |
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.2 Critical Path Attack Chains
|
||||
|
||||
**Attack Chain 1: Skill-Based Data Theft**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
T-PERSIST-001 → T-EVADE-001 → T-EXFIL-003
|
||||
(Publish malicious skill) → (Evade moderation) → (Harvest credentials)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Attack Chain 2: Prompt Injection to RCE**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
T-EXEC-001 → T-EXEC-004 → T-IMPACT-001
|
||||
(Inject prompt) → (Bypass exec approval) → (Execute commands)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**Attack Chain 3: Indirect Injection via Fetched Content**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
T-EXEC-002 → T-EXFIL-001 → External exfiltration
|
||||
(Poison URL content) → (Agent fetches & follows instructions) → (Data sent to attacker)
|
||||
@@ -525,28 +531,28 @@ T-EXEC-002 → T-EXFIL-001 → External exfiltration
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.1 Immediate (P0)
|
||||
|
||||
| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
|
||||
|----|----------------|-----------|
|
||||
| R-001 | Complete VirusTotal integration | T-PERSIST-001, T-EVADE-001 |
|
||||
| R-002 | Implement skill sandboxing | T-PERSIST-001, T-EXFIL-003 |
|
||||
| R-003 | Add output validation for sensitive actions | T-EXEC-001, T-EXEC-002 |
|
||||
| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
|
||||
| ----- | ------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
|
||||
| R-001 | Complete VirusTotal integration | T-PERSIST-001, T-EVADE-001 |
|
||||
| R-002 | Implement skill sandboxing | T-PERSIST-001, T-EXFIL-003 |
|
||||
| R-003 | Add output validation for sensitive actions | T-EXEC-001, T-EXEC-002 |
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.2 Short-term (P1)
|
||||
|
||||
| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
|
||||
|----|----------------|-----------|
|
||||
| R-004 | Implement rate limiting | T-IMPACT-002 |
|
||||
| R-005 | Add token encryption at rest | T-ACCESS-003 |
|
||||
| R-006 | Improve exec approval UX and validation | T-EXEC-004 |
|
||||
| R-007 | Implement URL allowlisting for web_fetch | T-EXFIL-001 |
|
||||
| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
|
||||
| ----- | ---------------------------------------- | ------------ |
|
||||
| R-004 | Implement rate limiting | T-IMPACT-002 |
|
||||
| R-005 | Add token encryption at rest | T-ACCESS-003 |
|
||||
| R-006 | Improve exec approval UX and validation | T-EXEC-004 |
|
||||
| R-007 | Implement URL allowlisting for web_fetch | T-EXFIL-001 |
|
||||
|
||||
### 6.3 Medium-term (P2)
|
||||
|
||||
| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
|
||||
|----|----------------|-----------|
|
||||
| R-008 | Add cryptographic channel verification where possible | T-ACCESS-002 |
|
||||
| R-009 | Implement config integrity verification | T-PERSIST-003 |
|
||||
| R-010 | Add update signing and version pinning | T-PERSIST-002 |
|
||||
| ID | Recommendation | Addresses |
|
||||
| ----- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------- |
|
||||
| R-008 | Add cryptographic channel verification where possible | T-ACCESS-002 |
|
||||
| R-009 | Implement config integrity verification | T-PERSIST-003 |
|
||||
| R-010 | Add update signing and version pinning | T-PERSIST-002 |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -554,44 +560,44 @@ T-EXEC-002 → T-EXFIL-001 → External exfiltration
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.1 ATLAS Technique Mapping
|
||||
|
||||
| ATLAS ID | Technique Name | OpenClaw Threats |
|
||||
|----------|----------------|------------------|
|
||||
| AML.T0006 | Active Scanning | T-RECON-001, T-RECON-002 |
|
||||
| AML.T0009 | Collection | T-EXFIL-001, T-EXFIL-002, T-EXFIL-003 |
|
||||
| AML.T0010.001 | Supply Chain: AI Software | T-PERSIST-001, T-PERSIST-002 |
|
||||
| AML.T0010.002 | Supply Chain: Data | T-PERSIST-003 |
|
||||
| AML.T0031 | Erode AI Model Integrity | T-IMPACT-001, T-IMPACT-002, T-IMPACT-003 |
|
||||
| AML.T0040 | AI Model Inference API Access | T-ACCESS-001, T-ACCESS-002, T-ACCESS-003, T-DISC-001, T-DISC-002 |
|
||||
| AML.T0043 | Craft Adversarial Data | T-EXEC-004, T-EVADE-001, T-EVADE-002 |
|
||||
| AML.T0051.000 | LLM Prompt Injection: Direct | T-EXEC-001, T-EXEC-003 |
|
||||
| AML.T0051.001 | LLM Prompt Injection: Indirect | T-EXEC-002 |
|
||||
| ATLAS ID | Technique Name | OpenClaw Threats |
|
||||
| ------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| AML.T0006 | Active Scanning | T-RECON-001, T-RECON-002 |
|
||||
| AML.T0009 | Collection | T-EXFIL-001, T-EXFIL-002, T-EXFIL-003 |
|
||||
| AML.T0010.001 | Supply Chain: AI Software | T-PERSIST-001, T-PERSIST-002 |
|
||||
| AML.T0010.002 | Supply Chain: Data | T-PERSIST-003 |
|
||||
| AML.T0031 | Erode AI Model Integrity | T-IMPACT-001, T-IMPACT-002, T-IMPACT-003 |
|
||||
| AML.T0040 | AI Model Inference API Access | T-ACCESS-001, T-ACCESS-002, T-ACCESS-003, T-DISC-001, T-DISC-002 |
|
||||
| AML.T0043 | Craft Adversarial Data | T-EXEC-004, T-EVADE-001, T-EVADE-002 |
|
||||
| AML.T0051.000 | LLM Prompt Injection: Direct | T-EXEC-001, T-EXEC-003 |
|
||||
| AML.T0051.001 | LLM Prompt Injection: Indirect | T-EXEC-002 |
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.2 Key Security Files
|
||||
|
||||
| Path | Purpose | Risk Level |
|
||||
|------|---------|------------|
|
||||
| `src/infra/exec-approvals.ts` | Command approval logic | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/gateway/auth.ts` | Gateway authentication | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/web/inbound/access-control.ts` | Channel access control | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/infra/net/ssrf.ts` | SSRF protection | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/security/external-content.ts` | Prompt injection mitigation | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/agents/sandbox/tool-policy.ts` | Tool policy enforcement | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `convex/lib/moderation.ts` | ClawHub moderation | **High** |
|
||||
| `convex/lib/skillPublish.ts` | Skill publishing flow | **High** |
|
||||
| `src/routing/resolve-route.ts` | Session isolation | **Medium** |
|
||||
| Path | Purpose | Risk Level |
|
||||
| ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------ |
|
||||
| `src/infra/exec-approvals.ts` | Command approval logic | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/gateway/auth.ts` | Gateway authentication | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/web/inbound/access-control.ts` | Channel access control | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/infra/net/ssrf.ts` | SSRF protection | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/security/external-content.ts` | Prompt injection mitigation | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `src/agents/sandbox/tool-policy.ts` | Tool policy enforcement | **Critical** |
|
||||
| `convex/lib/moderation.ts` | ClawHub moderation | **High** |
|
||||
| `convex/lib/skillPublish.ts` | Skill publishing flow | **High** |
|
||||
| `src/routing/resolve-route.ts` | Session isolation | **Medium** |
|
||||
|
||||
### 7.3 Glossary
|
||||
|
||||
| Term | Definition |
|
||||
|------|------------|
|
||||
| **ATLAS** | MITRE's Adversarial Threat Landscape for AI Systems |
|
||||
| **ClawHub** | OpenClaw's skill marketplace |
|
||||
| **Gateway** | OpenClaw's message routing and authentication layer |
|
||||
| **MCP** | Model Context Protocol - tool provider interface |
|
||||
| Term | Definition |
|
||||
| -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
|
||||
| **ATLAS** | MITRE's Adversarial Threat Landscape for AI Systems |
|
||||
| **ClawHub** | OpenClaw's skill marketplace |
|
||||
| **Gateway** | OpenClaw's message routing and authentication layer |
|
||||
| **MCP** | Model Context Protocol - tool provider interface |
|
||||
| **Prompt Injection** | Attack where malicious instructions are embedded in input |
|
||||
| **Skill** | Downloadable extension for OpenClaw agents |
|
||||
| **SSRF** | Server-Side Request Forgery |
|
||||
| **Skill** | Downloadable extension for OpenClaw agents |
|
||||
| **SSRF** | Server-Side Request Forgery |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
*This threat model is a living document. Report security issues to security@openclaw.ai*
|
||||
_This threat model is a living document. Report security issues to security@openclaw.ai_
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user