---
summary: "How inbound audio/voice notes are downloaded, transcribed, and injected into replies"
read_when:
  - Changing audio transcription or media handling
title: "Audio and Voice Notes"
---

# Audio / Voice Notes — 2026-01-17

## What works

- **Media understanding (audio)**: If audio understanding is enabled (or auto‑detected), OpenClaw:
  1. Locates the first audio attachment (local path or URL) and downloads it if needed.
  2. Enforces `maxBytes` before sending to each model entry.
  3. Runs the first eligible model entry in order (provider or CLI).
  4. If it fails or skips (size/timeout), it tries the next entry.
  5. On success, it replaces `Body` with an `[Audio]` block and sets `{{Transcript}}`.
- **Command parsing**: When transcription succeeds, `CommandBody`/`RawBody` are set to the transcript so slash commands still work.
- **Verbose logging**: In `--verbose`, we log when transcription runs and when it replaces the body.

## Auto-detection (default)

If you **don’t configure models** and `tools.media.audio.enabled` is **not** set to `false`,
OpenClaw auto-detects in this order and stops at the first working option:

1. **Local CLIs** (if installed)
   - `sherpa-onnx-offline` (requires `SHERPA_ONNX_MODEL_DIR` with encoder/decoder/joiner/tokens)
   - `whisper-cli` (from `whisper-cpp`; uses `WHISPER_CPP_MODEL` or the bundled tiny model)
   - `whisper` (Python CLI; downloads models automatically)
2. **Gemini CLI** (`gemini`) using `read_many_files`
3. **Provider keys** (OpenAI → Groq → Deepgram → Google)

To disable auto-detection, set `tools.media.audio.enabled: false`.
To customize, set `tools.media.audio.models`.
Note: Binary detection is best-effort across macOS/Linux/Windows; ensure the CLI is on `PATH` (we expand `~`), or set an explicit CLI model with a full command path.

## Config examples

### Provider + CLI fallback (OpenAI + Whisper CLI)

```json5
{
  tools: {
    media: {
      audio: {
        enabled: true,
        maxBytes: 20971520,
        models: [
          { provider: "openai", model: "gpt-4o-mini-transcribe" },
          {
            type: "cli",
            command: "whisper",
            args: ["--model", "base", "{{MediaPath}}"],
            timeoutSeconds: 45,
          },
        ],
      },
    },
  },
}
```

### Provider-only with scope gating

```json5
{
  tools: {
    media: {
      audio: {
        enabled: true,
        scope: {
          default: "allow",
          rules: [{ action: "deny", match: { chatType: "group" } }],
        },
        models: [{ provider: "openai", model: "gpt-4o-mini-transcribe" }],
      },
    },
  },
}
```

### Provider-only (Deepgram)

```json5
{
  tools: {
    media: {
      audio: {
        enabled: true,
        models: [{ provider: "deepgram", model: "nova-3" }],
      },
    },
  },
}
```

## Notes & limits

- Provider auth follows the standard model auth order (auth profiles, env vars, `models.providers.*.apiKey`).
- Deepgram picks up `DEEPGRAM_API_KEY` when `provider: "deepgram"` is used.
- Deepgram setup details: [Deepgram (audio transcription)](/providers/deepgram).
- Audio providers can override `baseUrl`, `headers`, and `providerOptions` via `tools.media.audio`.
- Default size cap is 20MB (`tools.media.audio.maxBytes`). Oversize audio is skipped for that model and the next entry is tried.
- Default `maxChars` for audio is **unset** (full transcript). Set `tools.media.audio.maxChars` or per-entry `maxChars` to trim output.
- OpenAI auto default is `gpt-4o-mini-transcribe`; set `model: "gpt-4o-transcribe"` for higher accuracy.
- Use `tools.media.audio.attachments` to process multiple voice notes (`mode: "all"` + `maxAttachments`).
- Transcript is available to templates as `{{Transcript}}`.
- CLI stdout is capped (5MB); keep CLI output concise.

## Gotchas

- Scope rules use first-match wins. `chatType` is normalized to `direct`, `group`, or `room`.
- Ensure your CLI exits 0 and prints plain text; JSON needs to be massaged via `jq -r .text`.
- Keep timeouts reasonable (`timeoutSeconds`, default 60s) to avoid blocking the reply queue.
